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Sunstroke and heat stroke: how to recognize and what to do
Цей матеріал також доступний українською149
Photo: vingudpss.gov.ua
Heat is not just about the beach and ice cream. It is also a serious test for the body. Especially if you spend a lot of time outdoors, in public transportation, or simply forgot your hat. At such moments, the body can overheat - and then it is no longer a matter of mild discomfort, but of heat or sunstroke.
How to distinguish heat stroke from sunstroke?
Although both conditions are associated with overheating, there is an important difference between them.
Heat stroke occurs when the body overheats in general: due to heat, suffocation, physical activity, or insufficient water. It can happen anywhere - even indoors.
Sunstroke is the result of direct sunlight on the head and neck. That is why it is important to wear a hat and avoid prolonged exposure to the sun during the hottest hours.
What causes overheating?
Very common things can lead to overheating:
- too warm clothes, especially synthetic ones;
- physical activity in the heat (for example, running or working outside);
- lack of water - many people simply forget to drink enough;
- exposure to the sun without protection.
This is especially dangerous for young children, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses.
How do you know if your child is overheating?
Children overheat faster than adults. Their bodies do not yet know how to cool down effectively, as adults do. Signals to pay attention to:
- The child becomes lethargic or restless;
- reddened face, hot body;
- rapid breathing, thirst, refusal to eat;
- In more severe cases, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness.
How long does heat stroke last?
It depends on how much the body has overheated. If it is a mild case, the symptoms may disappear in a few hours after cooling down and resting. In more serious situations, weakness, headache, and fever can last up to several days.
If a person is not cooled down in time, even internal organ damage is possible.
What to do if you have a heat stroke?
The main thing is not to panic and act quickly. Move the person to the shade or a cool room. Take off excess clothing and let the body breathe.
Cool the body - you can wipe the body with a damp cloth, apply cool compresses to the head, neck, armpits. Give water to drink - in small sips, at room temperature. If the condition does not improve, the person loses consciousness or vomits, call an ambulance immediately.
What helps prevent overheating?
There are some simple but very effective tips:
- avoid outdoor activities from 12:00 to 16:00;
- wear light, lightweight clothing made of natural fabrics;
- be sure to wear a hat;
- drink water regularly - do not wait until you feel thirsty;
- try to stay in the shade or in cooler rooms;
- avoid alcohol, too fatty or sugary foods.
When it is +30°C or more outside, you should slow down and listen to your body. Overheating is not just a nuisance. It is a real threat that is easier to prevent than to treat.
